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FM AMEMBASSY KIGALI
TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 1549
INFO AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS
AMEMBASSY BUJUMBURA
AMEMBASSY DAR ES SALAAM
AMEMBASSY KAMPALA
AMEMBASSY PARIS
CONFIDENTIALSECTION 01 OF 06 KIGALI 03478
E.O. 12356: DECL:OADR
TAGS: PGOV, PINS, RW
SUBJECT: INTERNAL INSECURITY: AN ONGOING PROBLEM
REFS: (A) KIGALI 3196, (B) KIGALI 3211
(C) KIGALI 3044, (D) KIGALI 2203
1.
C - ENTIRE TEXT.
SUMMARY
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2. INTERPARTY VIOLENCE SUBSIDED DURING THE PAST WEEK
FOLLOWING TWO WEEKS THAT SAW DEATH AND DESTRUCTION IN
WIDELY SEPARATED PARTS OF THE COUNTRY, COINCIDENT TO A
CALMER POLITICAL ATMOSPHERE AS A BROAD SPECTRUM OF
' RWANDANS ACCEPTED THE ARUSHA ACCORD PRINCIPLES
FUNDAMENTAL TO POLITICAL TALKS WITH THE REBEL RPF.
PARTY YOUTH, THE INTERAHAMWE OF THE PRESIDENT'S MRND
PARTY AND HARDLINE CDR YOUTH, APPEAR TO HAVE BEEN THE
PRINCIPLE ARCHITECTS OF RECENT ROAD BLOCKS AND ATTACKS,
WHILE THE MAIN OPPOSITION PARTY, THE MDR, PROBABLY
PROVOKED MOST OF THE RECENT COMMUNE-LEVEL VIOLENCE IN
! THE SOUTH. OBSERVERS CONTEND THAT THE INTERAHAMWE AND
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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE
REVIEW AUTHORITY: HARRY R. MELONE
DATE/CASE ID: 15 JAN 2002 200004465
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THE CDR YOUTH ARE BECOMING INTERCHANGEABLE AND ALLEGE
THAT MILITARY ARE INVOLVED IN THEIR ACTIVITIES. WHILE
THERE HAVE BEEN SOME ARRESTS IN CONNECTION WITH
INTERPARTY DISTURBANCES, THE LACK OF RESPONSE FROM THE
SECURITY SERVICES, STILL CONTROLLED BY THE PRESIDENT'S
PARTY, AND THE LACK OF JUDICIAL FOLLOW-UP ARE
TROUBLING. ALTHOUGH THE VIOLENCE SEEMS TO HAVE SUBSIDED
FOR NOW, WE CAN ANTICIPATE A NEW WAVE OF INTERNAL
INSECURITY, IN SOME FORM OR ANOTHER, AS PEACE TALKS
PROCEED, ESPECIALLY IF INTERNAL DIFFERENCES OVER
POWERSHARING AND INTEGRATION OF FORCES BECOME ACUTE.
END SUMMARY.
INTERNAL INSECURITY EBBS AND FLOWS
3. THROUGHOUT THIS YEAR, INTERNAL INSECURITY HAS
INCREASED IN PARALLEL WITH EACH SIGNIFICANT STEP FORWARD
IN THE DEMOCRATIZATION AND PEACE PROCESSES AND SUBSIDED
AS INTERNAL POLITICAL FORCES REACHED A NEW LEVEL OF
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COMMON UNDERSTANDING. THE BUGESERA MASSACRES, FOR
EXAMPLE, TOOK PLACE JUST AS NEGOTIATIONS OVER FORMATION
• OF A MULTI-PARTY GOVERNMENT WERE REACHING THEIR
CONCLUSION. RANDOM LAND MINE EXPLOSIONS REACHED'A PEAK
IN EARLY MAY, JUST WEEKS AFTER THE MULTI-PARTY
TRANSITION GOVERNMENT WAS SWORN IN AND ANNOUNCED ITS
PROGRAM. THE CRAZY WEEKEND IN LATE MAY INVOLVING
INTER-PARTY VIOLENCE AND MILITARY MUTINIES, MIXED IN
WITH A CAR BOMB EXPLOSION (REF D) OCCURRED AFTER THE
FOREIGN MINISTER'S SUCCESSFUL TRIP TO UGANDA WHERE HE
' AND THE RPF AGREED TO TALK AND JUST PRIOR TO THE INITIAL
GOR-RPF TALKS IN PARIS. INTERNAL SECURITY DETERIORATED
AGAIN IN JULY WITH AN UPSURGE IN INTERPARTY VIOLENCE, IN
THE INTERIM PERIOD AFTER THE SIGNING OF THE ARUSHA
CEASEFIRE ACCORD WITH ITS THREE PRINCIPLES AIMED AT
GUIDING AUGUST'S POLITICAL-MILITARY NEGOTIATIONS AND
BEFORE THE NEGOTIATIONS BEGAN.
TENSIONS HEIGHTENED
' 4. TENSIONS BETWEEN POLITICAL PARTIES WERE HEIGHTENED
IN LATE JULY WITH CALLS FOR THE TRANSITION GOVERNMENT TO
RESIGN. THE CALLS CAME BOTH FROM SUPPORTERS OF
PRESIDENT HABYARIMANA'S MRND PARTY YOUTH, THE
INTERAHAMWE, AND FROM THE HARDLINE HUTU SUPREMACY
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COALITION FOR THE DEFENSE OF THE REPUBLIC (CDR).
UNATHORIZED DEMONSTRATIONS, MAINLY IN THE FORM OF
BLOCKING PRINCIPAL ROADS IN THE COUNTRY, DREW ATTENTION
TO THE CDR'S DENUNCIATION OF THE ARUSHA ACCORD AS WELL
AS TO DEMANDS FROM BOTH GROUPS FOR THE RELEASE OF THEIR
MEMBERS WHO HAVE BEEN ARRESTED AND FOR THE RELEASE OF
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MILITARY ARRESTED IN CONNECTION WITH THE MUTINIES OF
RUHENGERI AND GISENYI. •
VIOLENCE BREAKS OUT
5. THE JULY 28 CDR DEMONSTRATION IN KIGALI (REF B)
RESULTED IN A FINAL COUNT OF THREE DEAD, TWO CDR
MEMBERS AND ONE POLICEMAN. INTER-PARTY VIOLENCE THE
WEEKEND OF AUGUST 8-9 NEAR GISENYI (NORTHWEST)
BETWEEN THE MDR AND THE INTERAHAMWE, NEAR KIBUNGO
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AMEMBASSY KAMPALA
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SUBJECT: INTERNAL INSECURITY: AN ONGOING PROBLEM
' (SOUTHEAST) BETWEEN THE MDR AND THE INTERAHAMWE, AND
OUTSIDE CYANGUGU (SOUTHWEST) BETWEEN THE CDR AND THE
LIBERAL PARTY (PL) LEFT FOUR DEAD, ALL MDR YOUTH, AND
MANY INJURED. COMMUNE-LEVEL VIOLENCE IN THE SOUTH
CONTINUES, WITH MDR LOYALISTS ATTEMPTING TO RID THEIR
i COMMUNES OF MRND AUTHORITIES.
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THE CDR
KIGALI 03478 02 OF 06 210541Z
6. THE CDR IS NORTHERN-BASED PARTY WHICH DRAWS ITS
SUPPORT FROM BOTH THE PRESIDENT'S MRND AND THE
OPPOSITION MDR AND CLAIMS TO BE THE TRUE SUCCESSOR TO
THE OLD PARMEHUTU PARTY, WHICH PREACHED HUTU
SUPREMACY AT INDEPENDENCE. IT IS PARTICULARLY FEARED
BY MEMBERS OF THE OPPOSITION FOR ITS KU KLUX
, KLAN-LIKE APPROACH TO ETHNIC RELATIONS. ITS REPEATED
CALL FOR RECOGNITION OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TUTSI AND
HUTU IS WIDELY INTERPRETED AS A CALL FOR
EXTERMINATION OF THE TUTSIS. MANY PEOPLE IN
DIFFERENT SOCIAL AND POLITICAL POSITIONS HAVE TOLD.US
. THAT THE CDR IS NOTHING MORE THAN THE MOUTH-PIECE OF
THE PRESIDENT, SAYING WHAT HE WOULD LIKE TO SAY BUT
CANNOT. THIS PARTY, REGISTERED IN MARCH, IS NOT
INCLUDED IN THE TRANSITION GOVERNMENT.
7. CDR LEADER, JEAN BOSCO BARAYAGWIZA INSISTS THAT
UNITY BETWEEN HUTU AND TUTSI IS IMPOSSIBLE; THEY CAN
ONLY CO-EXIST. HE IS EXTREMELY CRITICAL OF A SPEECH
, IN WHICH THE PRIME MINISTER CALLED FOR ALL RWANDANS
TO SEE THEMSELVES AS BANYARWANDA RATHER AS HUTU,
TUTSI OR TWA. BARAYAGWIZA TOLD CHARGE THAT ONLY
RECOGNITION OF ETHNIC DIFFERENCES CAN ALLOW RWANDA TO
FIND A SOLUTION TO ITS PROBLEMS. HE SAID THAT HIS
PARTY WANTS PEACE BUT NOT PEACE AT ANY PRICE, A
REFERENCE TO THE CDR'S STRONG OBJECTIONS TO THE
ARUSHA ACCORD PRINCIPLES (REF C). HE BELIEVES THE
GOVERNMENT SHOULD BE WORKING FOR THE INTERESTS OF THE
MAJORITY. THIS, HE EXPLAINED, MEANS WORKING FOR
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PEACE WITHOUT YIELDING TO THE RPF AS HE BELIEVES THIS
GOVERNMENT HAS DONE, AND IT MEANS PREPARING FOR
ELECTIONS WHICH HE SAYS HAVE BEEN ALL BUT FORGOTTEN.
8. BARAYAGWIZA, TOLD CHARGE JUST BEFORE THE FATAL
KIGALI DEMONSTRATION THAT THE CDR WAS NOT INTERESTED
. IN CREATING VIOLENCE AND THAT HIS GROUP WAS AGAINST
DEMONSTRATIONS. RECALLING EARLIER ROADBLOCKS IN THE
. NORTH, BARAYAGWIZA REPLIED THOSE HAD BEEN
UNAUTHORIZED AND THAT THE CDR MEMBERS INVOLVED HAD
BEEN REPRIMANDED. APPARENTLY THE REPRIMAND WENT
UNHEEDED.
THE INTERAHAMWE
9. THE INTERAHAMWE, THE MRND YOUTH, ARE ALSO WIDELY
FEARED BY OPPOSITION MEMBERS WHO BELIEVE THE GROUP IS
MORE A MILITIA THAN SIMPLY THE YOUTH WING OF THE
PARTY. MANY OPPOSITION PARTY MEMBERS CLAIM THEY HAVE
SEEN GENDARMES AMONG INTERAHAMWE GROUPS AND THAT
THESE PEOPLE HAVE BEEN PROVIDING MILITARY TRAINING TO
. THE YOUTH.
10. A SOURCE WHO CLAIMS TO HAVE BEEN AN INTERHAMWE
FOUNDER SUPPORTED THIS ALLEGATION TO CHARGE
RECENTLY. ENCOURAGED TO TALK TO CHARGE BY A TRUSTED
COMMON ACQUAINTANCE, THE SOURCE SAID THAT THE
INTELLECTUAL YOUTH GROUP HE STARTED LAST AUGUST IN
RESPONSE TO YOUTH GROUPS LAUNCHED BY OPPOSITION
PARTIES HAD BECOME A MILITIA. HE CLAIMED THE AIMS OF
THE GROUP HAD BEEN PERVERTED BY MEMBERS OF THE
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PRESIDENT'S FAMILY WHO HAD INSERTED THEMSELVES INTO
THE MANAGEMENT OF THE GROUP. HE CONTENDS THAT 50
MEMBERS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL GUARD, WHOSE NAMES HAVE
BEEN PASSED TO THE DEFENSE MINISTER, ARE ACTIVELY
PARTICIPATING IN THE GROUP'S ACTIVITIES AND INVOLVED
IN MILITARY TRAINING FOR SOME MEMBERS OF THE GROUP.
HE BELIEVES MANY MEMBERS OF THE INTERAHAMWE ARE
UNAWARE OF THE ORGANIZATION'S CURRENT THRUST. THE
SOURCE, WHO RESIGNED FROM THE MRND IN JUNE, SAID HE
BELIEVES HIS LIFE IS IN DANGER FROM PERSONS CLOSE TO
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C O N F I D E N T I A L SECTION 03 OF 06 KIGALI 03478
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SUBJECT: INTERNAL INSECURITY: AN ONGOING PROBLEM
THE PRESIDENT. INDEED, SHORTLY BEFORE HIS
RESIGNATION FROM THE PARTY, A CAR BOMB EXPLODED IN
FRONT OF HIS WORK PLACE WHICH HE LINKS TO PEOPLE WHO
MAY BE INTERESTED IN HIS ELIMINATION.
11. MRND SECRETARY GENERAL, MATHIEU NGIRUMPATSE,
SAID THAT ALLEGATIONS AGAINST THE INTERAHAMWE ARE
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PURE PROPAGANDA. HE SAID A GENDARME COMMANDANT TOLD
HIM THERE WERE 2-3 GENDARMES IN THE GROUP BUT HAD NOT
YET PROVIDED NAMES. NGIRUMPATSE SAID HE WOULD
• REPRIMAND ANY GENDARME FOUND AMONG THE MEMBERS.
12. CHARGE ASKED PRESIDENTIAL CABINET DIRECTOR ENOCH
RUHIGIRA ABOUT ALLEGATIONS OF MILITARY INVOLVEMENT IN
THE INTERAHAMWE. HE REPLIED THAT A PARTY
i INVESTIGATION HAD TURNED UP INVOLVEMENT OF "MILITARY
RESERVISTS". THESE PEOPLE, HE SAID, WOULD BE
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EXCLUDED FROM INTERAHAMWE ACTIVITIES IN THE FUTURE.
KIGALI'S PUBLIC PROSECUTOR ALSO TOLD CHARGE THAT
"MILITARY RESERVISTS" ARE IN THE INTERAHAMWE.
(NOTE: MILITARY ARE PRECLUDED BY LAW FROM JOINING
' POLITICAL PARTIES. END NOTE).
• DIFFERENCES BLURRED?
13. SEVERAL OBSERVERS BELIEVE THAT THERE IS NOW
LITTLE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE CDR AND THE
INTERAHAMWE. THEY CLAIM TO HAVE SEEN MEMBERS OF EACH
GROUP PARTICPATING IN DEMONSTRATIONS ORGANIZED BY THE
OTHER. THE INTERAHAMWE SOURCE TOLD CHARGE THAT, LIKE
THE INTERAHAMWE, THE CDR IS ALSO AN AFFAIR OF THE
PRESIDENT AND HIS FAMILY.
14. QUERIED BY CHARGE, HOWEVER, LEADERS OF BOTH THE
MRND AND THE CDR CONTEND THAT THE TWO ORGANIZATIONS
ARE COMPLETELY SEPARATE AND THAT THEIR IDEOLOGIES AND
AIMS ARE TOTALLY DIFFERENT. CDR LEADER BARAYAGWIZA
IS CRITICAL OF THE MRND FOR FAILING TO PUT HUTU
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INTERESTS FIRST. HE'CLAIMS THAT THE CDR IS COMPOSED
' PRIMARLY OF YOUNG PEOPLE WHO HAVE NOT BEEN "DIRTIED"
IN MRND POLITICS. MRND LEADER NGIRUMPATSE IS EQUALLY
CRITICAL OF THE CDR POLICY OF ETHNIC SEPARATISM AND
CLAIMED TO CHARGE THAT THE CDR IS ACTUALLY A THREAT
TO THE MRND. HE ACKNOWLEDGED THAT INTERAHAMWE
• MEMBERS MIGHT BE PARTICIPATING IN CDR DEMONSTRATIONS
AND VICE-VERSE, BUT HE SAID SUCH PERSONS, IF IDENTIFIED, WOULD BE PUNISHED. HE CLAIMED SUCH
PARTICIPATION WAS TOTALLY SPONTANEOUS AND NOT
SANCTIONED BY THE MRND.
MDR ACCUSED
15. THE MAJOR OPPOSITION PARTY, THE MDR, IS THE TRUE
SOURCE OF INSTABILITY, ACCORDING TO MRND LEADER
NGIRUMPATSE. HE CLAIMS THAT MDR LEADER FAUSTIN
TWIGIRAMUNGU IS RESPONSIBLE FOR STIRRING UP MDR
YOUTH, THE JDR, AGAINST MRND MEMBERS. HE HAS WRITTEN
LETTERS TO THE PRIME MINISTER ACCUSING TWAGIRAMUNGU
OF URGING MDR MEMBERS AT POLITICAL RALLIES TO TAKE
STEPS TO REMOVE THE MRND AUTHORITIES IN THEIR
COMMUNES FROM THE POSITIONS. HE SAID THAT THE PRIME
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MINISTER HIMSELF HAS CONDONED THE PRACTICE OF
' "LIBERATION" OF COMMUNES IN PUBLIC PRONOUNCEMENTS.
HE BLAMED THE MDR PRIME MINISTER FOR TALKING WITH TWO
VOICES, ONE TO OFFICIALS AND ANOTHER TO THE
POPULATION. HE ALSO ACCUSED THE PRIME MINISTER OF
FOSTERING INTERPARTY FRICTION WITH FORKED-TONGUE
LANGUAGE IN COUNCIL OF MINISTERS MEETINGS.
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SECRET PLANS FOR DESTABILIZATION?
16. MANY RWANDANS ARE CONVINCED THAT THE INTERNAL
SECURITY RAMPANT IN THE COUNTRY IN THE LAST SIX
MONTHS IS NO ACCIDENT, BUT THEY DISAGREE ON THE
SOURCE. BOTH SIDES IN RWANDA'S POLITICAL DIALOGUE
BELIEVE THE INCIDENTS OF INTERNAL INSECURITY FIT WITH
PLANS THE OTHER HAS TO DESTABILIZE THE COUNTRY IN
ORDER TO ACHIEVE ITS GOALS.
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SUBJECT: INTERNAL INSECURITY: AN ONGOING PROBLEM
17. A TRUSTED SOURCE WHO ADVOCATES CHANGE TOLD
CHARGE OF A "SECRET" GROUP OF 45 PROMINENT RWANDANS
WHOSE AIM IS TO CREATE DISTURBANCES THROUGHOUT RWANDA
THAT WILL DESTABILIZE THE COUNTRY AND SLOW DOWN IF
NOT REVERSE THE DEMOCRATIZATION PROCESS. ALLEGEDLY
INCLUDED IN THE GROUP ARE GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS,
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JOURNALISTS, BUSINESSMEN AND PERSONS IN THE SECURITY
FORCES. AMONG THE NAMES SHOWN TO CHARGE WERE THOSE
OF CDR LEADER BARAYAGWIZA, FOR EXAMPLE, THE WIFE OF
THE PRESIDENT'S PERSONAL SECRETARY, COL. SAGATWA, AND
GAUDANCE HABIMANA, HEAD OF THE NATIONAL POPULATION
PLANNING OFFICE AND CLOSE ASSOCIATE OF THE PRESIDENT.
18. ON THE OTHER SIDE, THE PRESIDENT'S PARTY CHARGED
EARLIER THIS YEAR THAT THE OPPOSITION, IN
COLLABORATION WITH THE REBELS, WAS ENGAGED IN A
DESTABILIZATION CAMPAIGN INVOLVING ETHNIC MASSACRES,
STRIKES, PROTESTS, AND SO FORTH, AS THE THIRD PHASE
OF THE REBEL PLAN TO OUST THE GOVERNMENT. MRND
SECRETARY GENERAL, NGIRUMPATSE, TOLD CHARGE THAT HE
ADVISED THE PRIME MINISTER (MDR) IN A LATE JULY
LETTER OF A NEW DESTABILIZATION PLAN DESIGNED TO RUN
THE MRND OUT OF KIGALI AND REMOVE THE PREFET, WHO HAS
THE FULL BACKING OF THE PRESIDENT. (NOTE: THE PRIME
MINISTER REPLIED THAT THE PERSONS NAMED BY
NGIRUMPATSE HAD BEEN FOUND TO BE INNOCENT OF THE
CHARGES. END NOTE.)
SECURITY FORCES ON THE SIDELINES
19. THE ABSENSE OF A STRONG RESPONSE TO THESE MANY
INSTANCES OF VIOLENCE FROM RWANDA'S SECURITY FORCES,
STILL UNDER THE CONTROL OF LOYALISTS OF THE
PRESIDENT'S PARTY, IS TROUBLING. KIGALI'S PUBLIC
PROSECUTOR SHOWED CHARGE A LETTER HE WROTE TO THE
RADIO STATION (WHICH TO OUR KNOWLEDGE WAS NEVER
AIRED), IN WHICH HE DEPLORED THE SLOW RESPONSE OF THE
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! GENDARMERIE TO THE VIOLENCE THAT RESULTED IN THE
DEATH OF TWO CDR MILITANTS IN KIGALI RECENTLY. HE
NOTED THAT THE GENDARMES OFTEN LEAVE THE RESPONSE TO
THE URBAN POLICE, WHO ARE NOT SPECIALIZED IN RIOT OR
CROWD CONTROL. THE PUBLIC PROSECUTOR TOLD CHARGE HE
BELIEVES THE GENDARME BEHAVIOR IS A RESULT OF THE
FACT THAT MANY SYMPATHIZE WITH THE CDR. HE CLAIMS
THEY ALSO DO NOT WANT TO ENGAGE AGAINST THE
"RESERVISTS", THEIR FORMER COLLEAGUES AND SOMETIMES
SUPERIORS, WHEN THEY SEE THEM AMONG THE RANKS OF
DEMONSTRATORS. HE SPECULATES THAT THE HEAD OF THE
GENDARMERIE, AN MDR STALWART, IS MORE COMFORTABLE
SITTING ON THE FENCE THAN RISKING ACTIONS/DECISIONS
THAT MIGHT UPSET HIS "BOSS".
' 20. THE PUBLIC PROSECUTOR TOLD CHARGE THAT HIS
OFFICE, RESPONSIBLE FOR BRINGING CASES TO TRIAL, IS
DEPENDENT ON THE GENDARMERIE'S JUDICIAL POLICE BRANCH
• FOR CONDUCTING INVESTIGATIONS INTO THESE KINDS OF
OFFENSES. HE SAID HE HAS NO CONTROL OVER THE PACE OR
THE METHODS OF THEIR WORK, ALTHOUGH THE BRANCH
NOMINALLY WORKS UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF HIS OFFICE AND
TURNS ITS WORK OVER TO HIM FOR PREPARING CASES. HE
CITED AN EXAMPLE OF A RECENT INCIDENT WHERE HE ISSUED
A MANDATE FOR THE ARREST OF SEVERAL PEOPLE. THE
JUDICIAL POLICE RETURNED EMPTY-HANDED SAYING THEY
COULD NOT FIND THEM.
21. AT ITS MEETING AUGUST 12, THE COUNCIL OF
MINISTERS DISCUSSED THE SECURITY SITUATION AND
DECIDED THAT, TO BE MORE EFFECTIVE, SECURITY FORCES
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NEEDED REORGANIZATION, EQUIPMENT, AND TRAINING. THE
COUNCIL ALSO DECIDED THAT MINISTERS SHOULD VISIT
THEIR PREFECTURES OF ORIGIN WITH THE AIM OF DIFFUSING
TENSIONS AND ENCOURAGING COOPERATION AMONG PARTIES.
THREE MINISTERS FROM THREE DIFFERENT PARTIES HAVE
ALREADY MADE SUCH A VISIT IN THE PREFECTURE OF BUTARE
(WHERE THE PREFET IS FROM YET A FOURTH PARTY) TO
ENCOURAGE CALM.
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C ONFIDENTIALSECTION 05 OF 06 Jaw.' 03478
E.O. 12356: DECL:OADR
TAGS: PGOV, PINS, RW
SUBJECT: INTERNAL INSECURITY: AN ONGOING PROBLEM
JUDICIAL SYSTEM INERT
22. THE APPARENT INABILITY OF THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM TO
PROSECUTE PERSONS ASSOCIATED WITH RECENT INCIDENTS OF
INSECURITY, INCLUDING LAND MINE EXPLOSIONS, BOMBINGS,
ROBBERIES, ASSASSINATIONS AND THE MORE RECENT
INTER-PARTY VIOLENCE, IS RAISING A LOT OF QUESTIONS
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BY THOSE WHO THOUGHT THE TRANSITION GOVERNMENT MIGHT
BE ABLE TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE. THE JUSTICE DEPARTMENT
CURRENTLY HEADED BY A MINISTER FROM THE LIBERAL PARTY
HAS NOT BEEN ABLE TO INCREASE ITS CREDIBILITY IN
THESE MATTERS SINCE THE TRANSITION GOVERNMENT TOOK
OFFICE. BOTH THE PUBLIC PROSECUTOR AND MRND LEADER
NGIRUMPATSE, WHO WAS MINISTER OF JUSTICE IN THE FIRST
TRANSITION GOVERNMENT, ATTRIBUTE JUDICIAL WEAKNESS TO
A LACK OF TRAINED JUDGES. INDEED, THE EDUCATION
LEVEL OF JUDGES, WHO ARE DEPENDENT UPON THE PRESIDENT
FOR THEIR APPOINTMENTS, IS LOW AND FEW ARE TRAINED IN
THE LAW, MAKING THEM SUSCEPTIBLE TO POLITICAL
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UNCLASSIFIED
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Document Number: 1992KIGALI03478
Channel: n/a
PRESSURE AND CORRUPTION.
i PARTY RESPONSIBILITY
' 23. MDR LEADER TWAGIRAMUNGU TOLD CHARGE RECENTLY
THAT HIS PARTY PLANS TO MODERATE ITS TONE AND •
ENCOURAGE RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOR BY PARTY MEMBERS. AT
A PRESS CONFERENCE AT THE ONSET OF RECENT PARTY
VIOLENCE HE TOLD MDR PARTY YOUTH TO LET SECURITY
FORCES TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR RESTORING ORDER
1 INSTEAD OF TAKING MATTERS INTO THEIR OWN HANDS.
KIGALI'S PUBLIC PROSECUTOR NOTED A DISTINCT CHANGE IN
OPPOSITION SPEECHES AT POLITICAL RALLIES. HE SAID
THAT LIBERAL PARTY LEADER MUGENZI, KNOWN FOR HIS
I FIRERY RHETORIC, HAD RECENTLY MADE AN UNUSUALLY
BALANCED SPEECH. HE CLAIMS THAT THE ONLY PARTY
LEADER CURRENTLY MAKING INFLAMATORY SPEECHES IS MRND
LEADER NGIRUMPATSE.
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KIGALI 03478 05 OF 06 210546Z
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24. NGIRUMPATSE BELIEVES THE MRND YOUTH MUST STRIKE
.
BACK IF ATTACKED. NGIRUMPATSE DEMONSTRATED HIS
ABILITY TO EXERCISE CONTROL OVER THE INTERAHAMWE WHEN
IT BLOCKED ROADS NORTH AND SOUTH FROM KIGALI JULY
28. HE WENT TO THE SCENE AND INSTRUCTED THE YOUTH TO
DEPART, AFTER BOTH THE KIGALI PREFET (MRND) AND THE
MINISTER OF THE INZERIOR (MDR) HAD FAILED IN SIMILAR
s EFFORTS. BOTH HE AND CDR LEADER, BARAYAGWISA,
HOWEVER, ACKNOWLEDGED TO CHARGE THAT THEIR PARTY
YOUTH HAD ENGAGED IN ACTIVITIES NOT ENDORSED BY THE
PARTY, SUGGESTING THAT PARTY LEADERS MAY NOT ALWAYS
BE IN A POSITION TO CONTROL THE ACTIONS OF THEIR
YOUTH.
COMMENT
• 25. ALTHOUGH THE "INVISIBLE HAND" (OR HANDS) THEORY
CANNOT BE RULED OUT, THERE IS NO HARD EVIDENCE TO
SUPPORT A CONSPIRACY THEORY OF VIOLENCE FROM EITHER
' THE RIGHT OR THE LEFT. AFTER EIGHT MONTHS OF RIDING
• THE WAVES OF INTERNAL INSECURITY, HOWEVER, IT DOES
APPEAR THAT VIOLENCE OF ONE SORT OR ANOTHER IS MOST
' LIKELY TO ERUPT WHEN TENSIONS INCREASE AS THE SOCIETY
STRUGGLES TO REACH CONSENSUS ON THE DIRECTION OF ITS
NEXT STEP IN THE DEMOCRATIZATION OR THE PEACE
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UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
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Document Number: 1992KIGALI03478
Channel: n/a
PROCESS. ONCE THE CONSENSUS, OR SEMBLANCE OF GENERAL
, AGREEMENT; IS REACHED, AS IS THE CASE NOW, WITH
I ALMOST ALL ELEMENTS OF THE SOCIETY READY TO ACCEPT
THE NEARLY REVOLUTIONARY ARUSHA ACCORD PRINCIPLES,
CALM IS RESTORED FOR A TIME. WITH MORE TOUGH SOCIAL
DECISIONS YET AHEAD, HOWEVER, WE CAN ONLY ANTICIPATE
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FUTURE DISTURBANCES THAT ECHO THIS PATTERN.
26. THE USE OF VIOLENCE BY EITHER SIDE IN THIS
POLITICAL DEBATE IS ANTITHETICAL TO THE USG GOAL OF
SUPPORTING THE DEMOCRATIC PROCESS AND PROMOTING
DEMOCRATIC VALUES. IT THREATENS THE VERY FABRIC OF
THE SOCIETY BY STIRRING HATREDS THAT WILL BE
INDEED,
DIFFICULT, IF NOT IMPOSSIBLE, TO CALM.
NGIRUMPATSE CLAIMS THAT ONE OF RWANDA'S PROBLEMS IS
ON THE ONE
THAT ITS DEMOCRACY IS FOUNDED ON HATE.
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ACTION AF-01
INFO
LOG-00
H-01
OMB-01
SP-01
KIGALI
AMAD-01
INRE-00
PA-01
SS-01
03478
06. OF 06
CIAE-00
INR-01
PM-01
TRSE-00
210547Z
DODE-00 EUR-01
C-01
NSAE-00
ADS-00
L-03
RP-10
P-01
PRS-01
/037W
USIE-00
T-01
582ADF 210547Z /38
HA-09
NSCE-00
SNP-01
P 210525Z AUG 92
FM AMEMBASSY KIGALI
TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 1554
INFO AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS
AMEMBASSY BUJUMBURA
AMEMBASSY DAR ES SALAAM
AMEMBASSY KAMPALA
AMEMBASSY PARIS
C ONFIDENTIALSECTION 06 OF 06 KIGALI 03478
E.O. 12356: DECL:OADR
TAGS: PGOV, PINS, RW
Page: 13
Current Class: CONFIDENTIAL
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Current Class: CONFIDENTIAL
Current Handling: n/a
Document Number: 1992KIGALI03478
Page: 14
Channel: n/a
SUBJECT: INTERNAL INSECURITY: AN ONGOING PROBLEM
HAND, WE NEED TO CONTINUE TO ENCOURAGE PARTY LEADERS
TO USE MODERATION AND DEMOCRATIC STRATEGIES TO
, ACHIEVE THEIR GOALS, SUCH AS THE MDR PLAN TO USE
PETITIONS INSTEAD OF VIOLENCE TO EXPRESS DISCONTENT
' WITH LOCAL LEADERSHIP. AT THE SAME TIME, WE NEED TO
• EMPHASIZE AGAIN TO THE HIGHEST LEVELS OF THE
GOVERNMENT THE IMPORTANCE OF INTERNAL SECURITY TO
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KIGALI 03478 06 OF 06 210547Z
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BOTH THE PROCESS OF PEACE AND THE PROCESS OF
' DEMOCRATIZATION.
27. AMERICAN NATIONALS ARE NOT/NOT DIRECTLY
THREATENED BY THIS RECENT OF INTER-PARTY VIOLENCE,
AND WE DO NOT ANTICIPATE BECOMING TARGETS OF ANY
FUTURE VIOLENCE. THE RISK EXISTS, THOUGH, THAT WE
MIGHT END UP IN THE WRONG PLACE AT THE WRONG TIME.
LEADER
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