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CONFIDENTIALSECTION 01 OF 07 DAR ES SALAAM 005244
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PREL, PREF, PHUM, BY, RW, TZ
SUBJECT: ARUSHA SUMMIT ON RWANDA AND BURUNDI
ENDS WITH NO CONCLUSIVE PLAN OF ACTION
REF: 94 DAR ES SALAAM 05173
1.
CONFIDENTIAL ENTIRE TEXT.
2. SUMMARY. THE HASTILY-CALLED SUMMIT OF
RWANDA AND BURUNDI'S NEIGHBORS IN ARUSHA,
TANZANIA, ON AUGUST 16, PROVIDED A FORUM FOR
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REGIONAL LEADERS TO VOICE THEIR OPINIONS ON
CONFLICT IN THE SUB-REGION BUT ACHIEVED LITTLE
OF SUBSTANCE. IN BARELY-VEILED CRITICISM OF
ZAIRE, THE NEIGHBORS AGREED THAT THEY SHOULD
HELP END THE HATE RADIO BROADCASTS AND
INTIMIDATION OF THE RWANDAN REFUGEES WHO WANT
TO RETURN HOME -- A RETURN WHICH SHOULD
COMMENCE IMMEDIATELY. THEY AGREED THAT BOTH
BURUNDI AND RWANDA MUST REACH INTERNAL
AGREEMENT ON THE PRINCIPLES OF POWER SHARING
AND THAT THEIR ARMIES MUST BE RESTRUCTURED TO
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE
REVIEW AUTHORITY: ARCHIE M BOLSTER
CLASSIFICATION: CONFIDENTIAL REASON: 1.4(B), 1.4(D)
DECLASSIFY AFTER: 17 AUG 2016
DATE/CASE ID: 29 JUL 2011 201005065
UNCLASSIFIED
BECOME REPRESENTATIVE OF THE PEOPLE THEY ARE TO
PROTECT. THE SUMMIT UNANIMOUSLY CALLED FOR
BRINGING TO JUSTICE THOSE GUILTY OF GENOCIDE.
HOWEVER, THEY DECLARED THAT IT WAS TIME FOR THE
FRENCH TO LEAVE RWANDA, A WORRISOME SENTIMENT.
PRESIDENT MWINYI OF TANZANIA MAY NOW FEEL THAT
THIS CONFERENCE HAS FULFILLED THE 'REGIONAL
CONFERENCE' NEED FOR HE DID NOT TAKE UP THE
RWANDAN, BURUNDI AND UNHCR CALLS FOR SEPARATE,
FOLLOW-ON INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES. END
SUMMARY.
UNCLASSIFIED
MWINYI'S OPENING REMARKS
3. PRESIDENT MWINYI OPENED THE MEETING BY
WELCOMING THE ASSEMBLED DIGNITARIES: THE
PRESIDENTS OF BURUNDI, RWANDA, UGANDA AND
ZAMBIA; THE OAU SECGYN SALIM; FOREIGN MINISTER
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MUSYOKA OF KENYA; TUNISIAN MINISTER OF STATE
FOR AFRICAN AFFAIRS FAYALI; AND UNHCR SPECIAL
ENVOY TO BURUNDI AND RWANDA MOUSSALLI. INVITED
AS OBSERVERS WERE REPRESENTATIVES FROM THE
EMBASSIES OF GERMANY, BELGIUM, FRANCE (WHO DID
NOT ATTEND), UK, US, AND THE UN. (NOTE:
PREPARATIONS FOR THE CONFERENCE STARTED ONLY
FRIDAY AFTERNOON BEFORE THE TUESDAY MEETING.
THE ORIGINAL PLAN HAD BEEN TO START AT 10:00,
BUT RWANDAN PRESIDENT BIZIMUNGU DID NOT ARRIVE
UNTIL 12:30. THE HEADS OF STATE AGREED TO WAIT
FOR HIM. THE MEETING CONCLUDED AT 3:30 WITH NO
BREAKS AND FEW MEETINGS ON THE MARGINS.)
4. STARTING WITH BURUNDI, MWINYI EXPRESSED HIS
FEAR OF THE "DARK CLOUDS GATHERING OVER
BURUNDI, SIMILAR TO THOSE THAT HAVE DARKENED
RWANDI." HE STRESSED THREE MAJOR POINTS: THE
ETHNIC KILLING MUST STOP; THE ARMY MUST BE
TRANSFORMED INTO A TRULY NATIONAL FORCE; AND,
THE BURUNDI REFUGEES MUST BE ALLOWED TO RETURN
HOME.
,
5.
TURNING TO RWANDA, MWINYI PLEADED WITH THE
UNCLASSIFIED
PEOPLE OF RWANDA TO END THE CYCLE OF VIOLENCE.
HE DECLARED THAT THE PRINCIPLES OF ARUSHA WERE
STILL VALID. THE GOVERNMENT OF RWANDA NEEDED
HELP IN CREATING THE CONDITIONS REQUIRED BEFORE
THE REFUGEES WOULD RETURN HOME: ESSENTIAL
SERVICES MUST BE REESTABLISHED; DISCIPLINE MUST
BE INSTILLED IN THE RPF MILITARY; AND, THE
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REFUGEES NEED TO FEEL CONFIDENT ABOUT THEIR
SAFE RETURN. THE TANZANIAN PRESIDENT COMMENDED
THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, NGO'S, AND UN FOR
ASSISTANCE PROVIDED TO THE REFUGEES. NOW WAS
THE TIME TO STEP UP THEIR INVOLVEMENT TO
ENCOURAGE THE REFUGEES TO RETURN HOME.
6. AFTER ASKING THE PRESS TO LEAVE THE
CONFERENCE HALL, MWINYI TURNED TO THE RWANDAN
PRESIDENT AND ASKED HIM "WHAT CAN YOUR
NEIGHBORS DO TO SPEED UP THE RETURN OF THE
REFUGEES?"
RWANDAN PRESIDENT SPEAKS
7. PRESIDENT BIZIMUNGU REPLIED THAT HIS
COUNTRY WAS "FACED WITH EMOTIONAL, PHYSICAL,
PSYCHOLOGICAL, AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS THAT ARE
BEYOND OUR SKILLS AND ABILITIES TO SOLVE
ALONE." WHAT CAUSED THE HOROR IN RWANDA WAS
THE "IDEA OF EXCLUSION, APARTHEID, WHICH BECAME
INSTITUTIONALIZED, WHICH LED TO THE
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SUBJECT: ARUSHA SUMMIT ON RWANDA AND BURUNDI
ENDS WITH NO CONCLUSIVE PLAN OF ACTION
MASSACRES." THE PRESIDENT ADDED THAT THE
EXODUS CONTINUES TODAY. REFERRING TO THE
OUTFLOW FROM THE FRENCH HUMANITARIAN ZONE, HE
SAID THAT RWANDANS WERE BEING "PUSHED BEYOND
OUR BORDERS BY A PROPAGANDA PLOY THAT WE WILL
KILL THEM." IT WAS NOT THE GOVERNMENT OR ITS
TROOPS WHICH TRIGGERED THIS EXODUS, RATHER THE
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"GUILTY WHO DO NOT WANT TO FEEL ISOLATED."
8. BIZIMUNGU SAID THAT THE MILITIA AND FORMER
GOVERNMENT WERE ACTIVELY PROHIBITING THE RETURN
OF THE REFUGEES. "THEY ARE VERY ACTIVE IN THE
COUNTRIES WHERE THEY ARE." ALLUDING TO THE
COOPERATION OF ZAIRE, HE ADDED THAT "EVEN THE
POLICE BAR THEIR (REFUGEES) WAY" AND THE
PROPAGANDA RADIO" WHICH HAD BEEN SILENCED HAD
BEEN ALLOWED TO START UP AGAIN.
UNCLASSIFIED
9. BIZIMUINGU SAID THAT RWANDA'S NEIGHBORS
COULD NOT HELP RWANDA UNLESS THE "PHILOSOPHY OF
DIVISION" WAS DESTROYED. THOSE WHO ADVOCATED
IDEAS THAT LED TO THE DEATH OF THOUSANDS COULD
NOT REMAIN ACTIVE. THE MILITIA SHELTERED IN
BUKAVU AND GOMA WERE THE MAIN OBSTACLES TO
PEACE AND THE PRESIDENT APPEALED FOR HIS
NEIGHBORS' HELP IN SILENCING THEM. "THEY ARE
AN ETERNAL RUNNING SORE. HOW CAN THERE BE
PEACE AS LONG AS THE
MILITIA REMAINS ACTIVE? THOSE WHO ADVOCATE
DIVISION, APARTHEID, ARE HELPED BY OUR
NEIGHBORS. AS LONG AS OUR NEIGHBORS HELP THEM
WE WILL NEVER HAVE PEACE, WE WILL NEVER BE
UNITED."
UNCLASSIFIED
10. THE RWANDAN ALSO CRITICIZED THE FRENCH
SECURITY ZONE. I
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HIS GOVERNMENT HAD ALLOWED FRENCH TROOPS TO
ESTABLISH THE DISTRICT FOR SECURITY AND
HUMANITARIAN PURPOSES. WHEN THE GOR ASKED FOR
ACCESS TO THE ZONE THEY WERE TURNED DOWN. THE
FRENCH TROOPS AND GOVERNMENT HAD CHOSEN TO
ISOLATE THOSE PEOPLE IN THE ZONE. BIZIMUNGU
CLAIMED HE HAD A 'PLETHORA' OF EXAMPLES OF
RWANDESE ENCOURAGED BY THE FRENCH TO GO TO
ZAIRE RATHER THAN STAY IN RWANDA. THE GOR
COULD DO NOTHING TO STOP THE FLOW FROM THE
ZONE. THE PRESIDENT HOPED THAT ON AUGUST 21
THE UN WOULD TAKE OVER FROM THE FRENCH AND
COOPERATE WITH THE GOR AND ENCOURAGE THE PEOPLE
TO RETURN.
11. BIZIMUNGU ASKED THAT HIS GOVERNMENT BE
EVALUATED BY "WHAT WE ARE TRYING TO DO, NOT BY
ISOLATED EXAMPLES OF REVENGE." THE GOR HAD
ACTED WITH "VIGOR" AGAINST ALL THOSE WHO
PLANNED TO EXACT VENGANCE.
BURUNDI
UNCLASSIFIED
B1
UNCLASSIFIED
12. MWINYI THEN POSED THE SAME QUESTION TO
PRESIDENT NTABATUNGANYA OF BURUNDI: "WHAT CAN
YOUR NEIGHBORS DO TO HELP?" THE BURUNDI
PRESIDENT BEGAN HIS RESPONSE BY EXPRESSING HIS
GRATITUDE TO MWINYI, SAYING THAT HIS ATTITUDE
OF CONCERN WAS A SYMBOL OF ENCOURAGEMENT TO THE
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PEOPLE OF BURUNDI.
13. THE PROBLEMS IN BURUNDI DATED BACK TO
BEFORE THE INTRODUCTION OF MULTIPARTY DEMOCRACY
IN BURUNDI, THE PRESIDENT CONTINUED. THE
PROBLEM WAS COMPOUNDED BY THE CURRENT SITUATION
IN THE COUNTRY AND THE SUB-REGION. AFTER THE
ASSASSINATIONS OF BURUNDI'S PRESIDENTS IN
OCTOBER, 1993, AND APRIL 1994, THE STATE
INSTITUTIONS SET UP AS A RESULT OF THE JUNE
1993 ELECTIONS WERE "EMASCULATED." THE COUNTRY
EXPERIENCED TEN DAYS OF ETHNIC POGROMS, WHILE
THE REST OF THE WORLD WATCHED. HIS PRIMARY
GOAL HAD BEEN TO AVOID THE "AGONY OF OUR
BROTHERS TO THE NORTH." ALL EFFORTS HAD BEEN
DIRECTED TOWARDS AVOIDING ANOTHER CALAMITY.
WITH SOME EXCEPTIONS, THE PRESIDENT BELIEVED
THAT HE HAD BEEN SUCCESSFUL.
14. HIS FIRST OBJECTIVE HAD BEEN TO TRY TO
REESTABLISH GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS AND
ADMINISTRATION, STARTING WITH THE PRESIDENCY.
HE HAD ATTEMPTED TO BRING ABOUT A CONSENSUS
WHICH WOULD ALLOW THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AN
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FM AMEMBASSY DAR ES SALAAM
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INFO RWANDA COLLECTIVE PRIORITY
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CONFIDENTIALSECTION 03 OF 07 DAR ES SALAAM 005244
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PREL, PREF, PHUM, BY, RW, TZ
SUBJECT: ARUSHA SUMMIT ON RWANDA AND BURUNDI
ENDS WITH NO CONCLUSIVE PLAN OF ACTION
EXECUTIVE. MODERATES IN THE POLITICAL PARTIES
NOW UNDERSTOOD THAT IF THE INSTITUTIONS OF THE
STATE (PRESIDENCY, PRIME MINISTRY, LOCAL
GOVERNMENT, AND AMBASSADORSHIPS) WERE NOT
ESTABLISHED SOON, THERE WOULD BE CATASTROPHE.
15. LAST FRIDAY, NTABATUNGANYA HAD BROUGHT
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TOGETHER ALL OF BURUNDI'S POLITICAL, GOVERNMENT
AND SOCIAL LEADERS TO SHARE WITH THEM HIS
CONCERNS THAT "IF THEY DILLY DALLY," IF THE
BURUNDI STATE WAS NOT CONSOLIDATED, IF THE
CURRENT SITUATION WAS NOT ARRESTED, THERE WOULD
BE TRAGEDY. THE PRESIDENT TOLD THE ARUSHA
AUDIENCE THAT HE HOPED FOR AGREEMENT BY THE
END OF AUGUST. "THIS IS WHERE WE ARE NOW.
THIS PROGRAM WILL DETERMINE THE NATURE OF OUR
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
GOVERNMENT."
16. EXPLAINING HIS SECOND OBJECTIVE,
NTABATUNGANYA CONTINUED THAT BURUNDI'S LEADERS
HAD TO ENCOURAGE THE MODERATE TRENDS IN ALL
POLITICAL PARTIES. "WE MUST MARGINALIZE ALL
EXTREMISTS." THE MAJORITY OF BURUNDIS WERE
MODERATES, HE SAID, BUT UNFORTUNATELY, THE
MAJORITY HAD BEEN SILENT AND WERE GUILTY OF THE
"COMPLICITY OF SILENCE." THE FERMENT OF THE
EXTREMISTS WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE WEAPONS IN
THE RURAL AREAS.
1?. THE PRESIDENT'S THIRD OBJECTIVE WAS TO
ORGANIZE A NATIONAL DEBATE ON DEMOCRATICATION
AS HE WAS CONVINCED THAT THERE WAS NO WAY OUT
OF THE MORASS WITHOUT DEMOCRATIZATION. THE GRE
HAD TO ENSURE THE PROTECTION OF ETHNIC
MINORITIES AND SECURITY MUST BE ASSURED FOR ALL
REGARDLESS OF ETHNIC ALLEGIANCE. THERE MUST BE
UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO EDUCATION AND BURUNDI
NEEDED A JUDICIAL SYSTEM INDEPENDENT OF SOCIAL
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AND ETHNIC FORCES.
18. NTABATUNGANYA THEN CLOSED WITH AN APPEAL
FOR ASSISTANCE. "OUR INTERNAL EFFORTS MUST BE
BACKED BY EXTERNAL EFFORTS." HE PROPOSED AN
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE UNDER THE AUSPICES OF
THE UNITED NATIONS AND OAU TO ADVISE ON THE
MECHANICS OF LIVING IN PEACE. THE REGION HAD
BEEN TORN ASSUNDER BY WAR AND HE ENVISIONED A
SUB-REGIONAL CONFERENCE GEARED TOWARD
DEVELOPMENT. HE ALSO APPEALED TO THE
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY "TO RIDE TO THE RESCUE"
FINANCIALLY AS SOON AS THE INSTITUTIONS OF THE
STATE WERE ESTABLISHED. SCHOOLS AND HEALTH
CENTERS MUST BE REBUILT AND YOUTH REHABILITATED
AND ONLY THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY COULD
PROVIDE THE REQUIRED ASSISTANCE.
SALIM PRESENTS THE OAU'S POSITION
UNCLASSIFIED
19. SALIM, SITTING AT THE HEAD TABLE WITH
PRESIDENT MWINYI, THEN ADDRESSED THE AUDIENCE
AND REITERATED THE OAU'S PREVIOUSLY ISSUED
STATEMENTS ON RWANDA AND ASKED THAT THE
CONFEREES GET TO SPECIFICS ON RWANDA. HE
EXPLAINED THAT THE WAR WAS OVER, BUT PEACE HAD
NOT BEEN WON. THE QUESTION BEFORE THE GROUP
WAS HOW TO RESTORE CONFIDENCE TO PREVENT
ANOTHER EXODUS AND TO ENCOURAGE THE REFUGEES TO
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RETURN. THE RPF HAD STARTED ITS WORK BUT IT
SHOULD BE PREPARED TO GO AN EXTRA MILE AND BE
AS ACCOMMODATING AS POSSIBLE.
20. SALIM THEN PARCELED OUT RESPONSIBILITIES
FOR HELPING RWANDA AND THE REFUGEES. IT WAS
THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES
TO PUT AN END TO THE HATE PROPAGANDA. IT WAS
THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE GOR TO ENSURE THAT
THERE BE NO RETALIATION AGAINST RETURNING
REFUGEES. EVERYONE RECOGNIZED THAT THE
GOVERNMENT WAS NOT ATTEMPTING TO EXACT REVENGE,
BUT IT MUST CONTROL AND DISCIPLINE THOSE
INDIVIDUALS WHO WERE INTENT ON RETALIATION.
21. ASSISTANCE TO THE REFUGEES AND DISPLACED
WAS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF EVERYONE,
PARTICULARLY THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY. THE
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ALSO MUST TAKE THE LEAD
ON BRINGING TO JUSTICE THE PERPETRATORS OF
GENOCIDE AND MUST MOVE QUICKLY TO ESTABLISH AN
INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL. THIS MUST BE HANDLED
CAREFULLY SO AS NOT TO FRIGHTEN NERVOUS
RETURNEES. SALIM EMPHASIZED THAT THE OAU
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CONFIDENTIALSECTION 04 OF 07 DAR ES SALAAM 005244
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PREL, PREF, PHUM, BY, RW, TZ
SUBJECT: ARUSHA SUMMIT ON RWANDA AND BURUNDI
ENDS WITH NO CONCLUSIVE PLAN OF ACTION
"ENDORSES JUSTICE." THE UN WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR
ENSURING THAT THE TRANSITION BETWEEN THE FRENCH
AND UNAMIR TROOPS WAS SMOOTH. ONLY A WELL
MANAGED TRANSITION COULD PREVENT A MASS
EXODUS. THREE MONTHS HAD BEEN MUCH TOO LONG TO
WAIT FOR THE UNAMIR TROOPS, IT WAS "NOTHING
SHORT OF A SCANDAL," HE EMPHASIZED. AND
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FINALLY, WE MUST ALL CONSIDER THE "TOTALITY OF
THE REFUGEES." NO ONE COULD EXPECT THEM TO
RETURN WITHOUT ADEQUATE PREPARATION.
22. ON BURUNDI, THE SYG STRESSED THAT WHAT
HAPPENED IN RWANDA MUST BE AVOIDED. A SMALL
CONTINGENT OF CIVILIANS AND MILITARY
EXTREMISTS SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED TO CAUSE SUCH
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
DESTRUCTION.
23. THERE WERE AREAS OF PROGRESS IN BURUNDI.
SALIM CITED, FOR EXAMPLE, THE COOPERATION
BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT SECTORS OF SOCIETY: THE
PRESIDENT, ARMED FORCES, THE ORDINARY PEOPLE
AND THE OPPOSITION. BUT THERE WERE ALSO AREAS
OF CONCERN. DIALOGUE AMONG THE FACTIONS IS
GOOD, BUT IT MUST NOT BE ENDLESS AND IT MUST
HAVE AN OBJECTIVE. THE SYG ENCOURAGED ALL
PARTIES IN BURUNDI TO AGREE SOON ON THE STATE
INSTITUTIONS.
24. SALIM CONCLUDED HIS REMARKS BY CALLING FOR
INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE HOSTS OF THE
REFUGEES. THE PEOPLE OF WESTERN TANZANIA AND
EASTERN ZAIRE HAVE BEEN SUFFERING UNDER THE
BURDEN OF THE REFUGEES AND THEIR PLIGHT CANNOT
BE IGNORED.
ZAMBIA
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25. PRESIDENT CHILUBA OF ZAMBIA, THE NEXT
SPEAKER, MADE ONLY BRIEF REMARKS WHICH FOCUSSED
ON RWANDA. ONLY AN ALL-INCLUSIVE SOLUTION,
INCORPORATING THE VIEWS OF ALL FACTIONS, COULD
SOLVE THE PROBLEMS OF ETHNICITY. ALL MUST BE
INCLUDED FROM THE BEGINNING TO SOLVE THE
PROBLEM AND ALL MUST UNDERSTAND CLEARLY AND
AGREE WITH THE SOLUTION. ALSO, IT WAS
IMPORTANT TO SHOW THAT ANY PUNISHMENT METED OUT
WAS FOR ACTS COMMITTED, NOT BECAUSE OF
ETHNICITY.
MUSEVENI GETS RIGHT TO THE POINT
26. UGANDA'S PRESIDENT FOLLOWED CHILUBA AND
CRISPLY DELINEATED THE ISSUES AS HE SAW THEM.
THE PROBLEMS IN RWANDA AND BURUNDI WERE DUE TO
MISDEFINITION. IF AN ENEMY WAS WRONGLY
UNCLASSIFIED
DEFINED, THEN A FRIEND WAS WRONGLY DEFINED.
27. MUSEVINI SAID THE FIRST QUESTION SHOULD BE
'WHAT ARE THE TASKS OF A NATION?' IN HIS
OPINION THE FIRST TASK OF A NATION WAS
MODERNIZATION. THIS WAS TRUE FOR RWANDA,
BURUNDI AND UGANDA. "OTHERS WERE GOING TO THE
MOON," HE STRESSED, "AND WE ARE THROWING THE
BODIES OF OUR WOMEN AND CHILDREN INTO RIVERS."
ALL OF THE EFFORTS OF THE GOVERNMENTS OF RWANDA
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AND BURUNDI SHOULD BE DIRECTED TOWARD
MODERNIZATION.
28. THE PROBLEM OF EXTERNAL INTERFERENCE WAS
THE SECOND ISSUE TO ADDRESS. MUSEVENI SAID
THAT HE FACED THE SAME PROBLEM IN UGANDA. "AS
LONG AS I AM BACKED BY COUNTRY A OR COUNTRY B,
I DON'T HAVE TO RECONCILE WITH MY BROTHER."
RWANDA AND BURUNDI MUST DECREASE THE INFLUENCE
OF OUTSIDERS IN THEIR COUNTRIES.
29. THE NEXT PROBLEM MUSEVENI ADDRESSED WAS
CONTAINMENT. THE BEST WAY FOR BOTH COUNTIRES
TO CONTAIN THE DAMAGE ALREADY DONE WAS TO BE
INCLUSIVE. ALL FACTIONS MUST BE REPRESENTED
FOR CONTAINMENT TO BE ACHIEVED. THE
GOVERNMENTS MUST SHARE POWER, ENSURE THAT THE
ARMIES WERE BROAD-BASED, AND USE THE MEDIA TO
"PREACH UNITY." CONCLUDING WITH THE ISSUE OF
SECURITY, MUSEVENI EXPLAINED THAT HE
RESTRUCTURED THE ARMY IN UGANDA BY
INCORPORATING SIX ARMIES INTO THE ONE NATIONAL
ARMY. BY INCLUDING ALL FACTIONS IN THE ARMY
RWANDA AND BURUNDI COULD MAKE THEIR PEOPLE FEEL
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CONFIDENTIALSECTION 05 OF 07 DAR ES SALAAM 005244
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PREL, PREF, PHUM, BY, RW, TZ
SUBJECT: ARUSHA SUMMIT ON RWANDA AND BURUNDI
ENDS WITH NO CONCLUSIVE PLAN OF ACTION
SAFE.
30. MUSEVENI THEN ANSWERED MWINYI'S QUESTION
ON HOW THE NEIGHBORS COULD HELP. THE NEIGHBORS
COULD SEPARATE THE MURDERERS IN THE CAMPS FROM
THE COMMON PEOPLE. HE PROPOSED CAMPS FOR THREE
CATEGORIES OF REFUGEES: ORDINARY PEOPLE,
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FORMER MEMBERS OF THE ARMY, AND THE MILITIA
LEADERS AND OTHERS SUSPECTED OF MURDER. IF THE
COMMON PEOPLE WERE SEPARATED FROM THEIR
LEADERS, THEY WOULD NOT BE INTIMIDATED INTO
STAYING.
31.
THERE WOULD BE NO PEACE WITHOUT TRIALS,
UNCLASSIFIED
ACCORDING TO MUSEVENI. "HANGING WILL BE A
TONIC FOR THE WOUNDS, A DEMONSTRATION THAT THE
GOVERNMENT IS SERIOUS ABOUT CRIMES AGAINST
HUMANITY." HE SAID THAT IF THE GOVERNMENT DOES
NOT PUNISH THE GUILTY EACH MAN "MUST TAKE
REVENGE FOR ON HIS OWN FOR HIS MOTHER, HIS
WIFE, HIS SISTER."
32. THE UGANDAN AGREED WITH HIS RWANDAN
COLLEAGUE THAT IT WAS "TIME FOR THE FRENCH TO
GO." IT WAS WRONG THAT THE FRENCH WOULD NOT
LET THE PRESIDENT, PRIME MINISTER AND OTHER
LEADERS OF RWANDA GO INTO THE HUMANITARIAN ZONE
AND TALK TO THEIR PEOPLE.
33. SWITCHING TO BURUNDI, MUSEVENI SAID THAT
SINCE PRESIDENT NTABATUNGANYA HAD BROUGHT HIS
DEFENSE MINISTER WITH HIM TO ARUSHA "WE SHOULD
TELL THEM BOTH CLEARLY 'NO MORE VIOLENCE.' IF
THERE ARE PEOPLE IN BURUNDI WHO ARE INCITING
VIOLENCE, ARREST THEM." RESPONDING TO COMMENTS
THAT SOME IN BURUNDI HAD COMPLAINED THAT THE
ARUSHA MEETING REPRESENTED AN INTERFERENCE IN
BURUNDI'S INTERNAL AFFAIRS, MUSEVENI OFFERED
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HIS RETORT: "IF YOU DO NOT WANT US IN YOUR
HOUSE, KEEP YOUR PEOPLE OUT OF OUR HOUSES."
MOUSSALLI OF UNHCR
34. UNHCR'S SPECIAL ENVOY FOR BURUNDI AND
RWANDA MOUSSALLI POINTED OUT THAT ALL CONFEREES
AGREED THAT THE ONLY SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEMS
OF RWANDA AND BURUNDI WERE RECONCILIATION,
CONFIDENCE BUILDING MEASURES, AND THE RETURN OF
THE REFUGEES. HE PROPOSED ANOTHER REGIONAL
MEETING UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE UN AND OAU TO
GET DOWN TO SPECIFICS. (NOTE: MOUSSALLI MIGHT
HAVE ELABORATED ON HIS PROPOSAL AND MORE
FORCEFULLY SOUGHT CONCURRENCE IF IT HAD NOT
BEEN FOR MUSEVENI'S DEPARTURE. THE UGANDAN
LEFT DURING THE SPECIAL ENVOY'S PRESENTATION,
SHAKING HANDS WITH EACH HEAD OF STATE AS HE
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
WENT. ALL EYES AND MOST EARS WERE ON MUSEVENI
AND MOUSSALLI CHOSE NOT TO COMPETE.)
UNCLASSIFIED
PRESIDENTS OF BURUNDI AND RWANDA REPLY
35. AFTER THE REMARKS
THE OAU SECGEN AND THE
PRESIDENT MWINYI ASKED
AND BURUNDI TO RESPOND
OF THE HEADS OF STATE,
UNHCR SPECIAL ENVOY,
THE PRESIDENTS OF RWANDA
. BIZIMUNGU LASHED OUT
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AT THOSE WHO INSISTED ON INCLUSIVENESS AND
AGREED WITH HIS BURUNDI COLLEAGUE THAT
EXTREMISTS SHOULD BE MARGINALIZED. HE
CRITICIZED THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY FOR
INSISTING THAT THE GOR "OPEN ITS DOORS" TO THE
MRND. "HOW CAN WE CONSTRUCT A JUST SOCIETY
WHEN YOU ASK US TO BRING MURDERERS INTO OUR
GOVERNMENT?" THE LACK OF THE INTERNATIONAL
COMMUNITY'S REACTION TO GENOCIDE WAS
"ABHORRENT,' HE CONTINUED. THESE PEOPLE ARE
"INFUSED WITH AN EVIL SPIRIT" AND THERE CAN BE
NO PEACE AS LONG AS THEY ADVOCATE "ETHNIC
CLEANSING."
36. THE GOR HAD ASKED MRND MEMBERS TO JOIN THE
GOVERNMENT BUT THEY HAD REFUSED. THE FIRST
PRIME MINISTER TURNED THEM DOWN, THEN FORMER
MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS GISANA HAD
REFUSED. ACCORDING TO BIZIMUNGU, THEY HAD BEEN
THREATENED WITH DEATH IF THEY JOINED THE GOR.
THE GOR TRIED TO BRING IN FORMER MEMBERS OF THE
RWANDA MILITARY, WHO ALSO REFUSED. THE MRND
WANTED TO REMAIN OUTSIDE SO THEY CAN EVENTUALLY
ATTACK RWANDA, BIZIMUNGU ASSERTED.
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CONFIDENTIALSECTION 06 OF 07 DAR ES SALAAM 005244
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PREL, PREF, PHUM, BY, RW, TZ
SUBJECT: ARUSHA SUMMIT ON RWANDA AND BURUNDI
ENDS WITH NO CONCLUSIVE PLAN OF ACTION
3?. THE RWANDAN CONCLUDED BY SAYING THAT HE
AGREED WITH MUSEVENI THAT THE MILITIA LEADERS
SHOULD BE ISOLATED FROM THE REST OF THE
POPULATION. HE AGREED TO EXPLORE THE IDEA OF
AN OAU/UN-SPONSORED CONFERENCE TO FIND WAYS TO
ENCOURAGE THE REFUGEES TO RETURN HOME.
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38. IN PRESIDENT NTABATUNGANYA'S CONCLUDING
REMARKS, HE EXPRESSED APPRECIATION THAT HIS
COLLEAGUES SHARED HIS VIEWS ON THE BURUNDI
CRISIS. THE QUESTION BEFORE HIS COUNTRY NOW
WAS WHETHER THOSE WIELDING POWER HAVE THE
UNCLASSIFIED
ABILITY TO REFRAIN THEMSELVES FROM REVENGE.
THE POLITICAL CLASSES SHOULD DEMONSTRATE TO THE
PRESIDENT AND OPPOSITION PARTIES SOME
MATURITY. DIRECTLY ADDRESSING HIS RWANDAN
COLLEAGUE, NTABATUNGANYA SAID THAT HE HAD
AGREED TO BIZIMUNGU'S REQUEST THAT
REPRESENTATIVES OF THE GOR BE ALLOWED TO VISIT
THE RWANDAN REFUGEES IN BURUNDI. THEY, ALONG
WITH REPRESENTATIVES OF THE INTERNATIONAL
COMMUNITY, WERE ALLOWED TO VISIT THEM. THERE
WERE 60,000 REFUGEES WHO SAID THEY WANTED TO
RETURN AND BURUNDI HAD AGREED TO WORK WITH THE
UNHCR TO ASSIST THEM.
THE MEETING ENDS
39. MWINYI CLOSED THE SESSION BY SUMMARIZING
THE COMMON POINTS AGREED TO BY THE
PARTICIPANTS. FIRST, THE NEIGHBORS HAD AGREED
THAT THEY SHOULD HELP END THE PROPAGANDA THAT
WAS CREATING SUCH FEAR AMONG THE REFUGEES.
THEY HAD ALSO AGREED WITH PRESIDENT MUSEVENI
THAT TRULY NATIONAL ARMIES WERE IN THE BEST
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INTERESTS OF ALL AND THAT BOTH THE BURUNDIAN
AND RWANDAN ARMIES SHOULD BE RESTRUCTURED. ALL
HAD AGREED THAT BOTH COUNTRIES MUST REACH
AGREEMENT ON THE PRINCIPLES OF POWERSHARING AND
THAT MURDERERS MUST BE BROUGHT TO JUSTICE.
AND, ALLUDING TO ANTI-FRENCH SENTIMENTS, MWINYI
SAID, "WE IN THE REGION DO NOT WANT TO SEE AN
ARMY OF INTERVENTION." TO THE BURUNDI LEADER
THE TANZANIAN PRESIDENT SAID THAT THERE WAS
LITTLE THAT THE NEIGHBORS COULD DO AT THIS
STAGE OTHER THAN TO OFFER THEIR SUPPORT AND
HOPE THAT AGREEMENT IS REACHED ON THE NATURE OF
THE STATE INSTITUTIONS BY THE END OF THE
MONTH. MWINYI CONCLUDED BY SAYING THAT THE
PEOPLE IN BOTH COUNTRIES HAD "NO CHOICE BUT TO
FORGIVE AND FORGET."
OBSERVATIONS, IMPRESSIONS AND COMMENTS
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
40. AMBASSADOR SHANI LWENO, DIRECTOR OF THE
AFRICA AND MIDDLE EAST DIVISION OF TANZANIA'S
MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND THE PRIME
ORGANIZER OF THE CONFERENCE, TOLD CHARGE THAT
THE TANZANIANS DID NOT HAVE MAJOR EXPECTATIONS
FOR THIS ARUSHA SUMMIT. PRESIDENT MWINYI
DECIDED DURING A LUNCH ON FRIDAY, AUGUST 12, TO
CALL FOR THE MEETING AS AN ADD-ON TO THE
LONG-SCHEDULED OAU CEREMONY TO DISBAND ITS
LIBERATION COMMITTEE. THE TANZANIANS HAD
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PREPARED NO AGENDA AND HAD SKETCHED OUT ONLY
THE BAREST OF COMMUNIQUES IN CASE ONE WAS
CALLED FOR. (IT WAS NOT.) THE PRESIDENT'S
PLAN WAS TO "JUST START TALKING AND SEE WHAT
HAPPENS."
41. THE BURUNDI MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
TOLD US THAT HIS HUTU PRESIDENT HAD CAREFULLY
SELECTED HIS DELEGATION TO REINFORCE THE
CONCEPTS OF MODERATION AND THE MARGINALIZATION
OF THE EXTREMISTS. HE HAD INCLUDED HIS TUTSI
MINISTER OF DEFENSE AND HIS TUTSI MINISTER OF
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT WHO IS A MEMBER OF AN
OPPOSITION PARTY, BECAUSE HE WANTED THEM TO SEE
AND HEAR HIM SPEAK IN AN OPEN FORUM SUCH AS
THIS ONE.
42. THE UNANIMOUS CRITICISM OF THE FRENCH
HUMANITARIAN ZONE IS TROUBLESOME AND WILL MAKE
IT EVEN HARDER TO CONVINCE THE RWANDANS TO LET
THE FRENCH STAY BEYOND THE AUGUST 21 DEADLINE,
IF A DELAY IS NECESSARY. WHILE ZAIRE WAS NEVER
MENTIONED BY NAME, THE MEETING'S CALL FOR
SILENCING THE HATE RADIO BROADCASTS WAS LOUD
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SUBJECT: ARUSHA SUMMIT ON RWANDA AND BURUNDI
ENDS WITH NO CONCLUSIVE PLAN OF ACTION
AND CLEAR.
43. PRESIDENT MOI OF KENYA ATTENDED THE OAU
CEREMONY BUT NOT THE RWANDA/BURUNDI SUMMIT.
HIS FOREIGN MINISTER WAS SILENT DURING THE
ENTIRE SESSION. MEMBERS OF HIS STAFF THOUGHT
THE CONFERENCE VERY ODD---HASTILY ARRANGED,
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POORLY PLANNED AND LACKING CLEAR OBJECTIVES.
44. WE BELIEVE THIS SUMMIT WAS MWINYI'S
RESPONSE TO A/S MOOSE'S CALL FOR A REGIONAL
CONFERENCE ON RWANDA AND BURUNDI. FOR THE
UNCLASSIFIED
CASH-STARVED GOT, THIS ADD-ON TO THE OAU SUMMIT
WAS A COST EFFECTIVE WAY TO CONTINUE ITS ROLE
OF FACILITATOR. IT IS SIGNIFICANT THAT IN
MWINYI'S SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS AND NEXT STEPS,
HE DID NOT INCLUDE ANOTHER CONFERENCE. WHILE
WE HAVE NOT BEEN ABLE TO GET AN AFTER-ACTION
ASSESSMENT FROM THE MOFA, WE SUSPECT THAT
MWINYI BELIEVES THAT HE HAS MET HIS REGIONAL
OBLIGATION.
45. NOR DID MWINYI ENDORSE THE CONCEPT OF
SEGREGATING THE REFUGEES. TANZANIA HAS BEEN
UNDER PRESSURE TO INCREASE SECURITY IN AND
AROUND THE CAMPS BUT HAS DELAYED, CLAIMING LACK
OF RESOURCES AND ABSENCE OF A UN MANDATE. WE
ASSUME THAT A CALL BY THE UNSC FOR THE REFUGEE
HOSTING COUNTRIES TO DETAIN THOSE ACCUSED OF
GENOCIDE WILL BE FORTHCOMING SOON. WE EXPECT
THE TANZANIANS TO REPLY THAT THEY HAVE THE WILL
TO DO SO BUT NOT THE ABILITY AND WILL RENEW
THEIR REQUEST TO THE U.S., U.N. AND OTHERS FOR
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE.
BROWNING
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