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ORIGIN AF-01
INFO
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STATE
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174918
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NISC-02
302040Z
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DRL-09
RELEASED IN PART
B1, 1.4(B), 1.4(D)
DRAFTED BY: AF/C: KCAISTON
APPROVED BY: AF: GEMOOSE
AF/FO: PXBUSHNELL
AF/C: RJFENDRICK
EUR/WE: ACARSON
57B883 302103Z /38
O R 302036Z JUN 94
FM SECSTATE WASHDC
TO AMEMBASSY BUJUMBURA IMMEDIATE
AMEMBASSY PARIS IMMEDIATE
INFO AMEMBASSY ACCRA
AMEMBASSY ADDIS ABABA
AMEMBASSY BAMAKO
AMEMBASSY BANGUI
AMEMBASSY BONN
AMEMBASSY BRAZZAVILLE
AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS
AMEMBASSY CAIRO
AMEMBASSY DAKAR
CONFIDENTIAL
PAGE 02
AMEMBASSY
USMISSION
AMEMBASSY
AMEMBASSY
AMEMBASSY
AMEMBASSY
AMEMBASSY
AMEMBASSY
AMEMBASSY
AMEMBASSY
AMEMBASSY
AMEMBASSY
AMEMBASSY
AMEMBASSY
AMEMBASSY
DOEE-00
10-16
01C-02
SNP-00
USIE-00
G-01
174918 302040Z
STATE
DAR ES SALAAM
GENEVA
HARARE
ISLAMABAD
KAMPALA
KINSHASA
LAGOS
LILONGWE
LONDON
LUSAKA
NAIROBI
NOUAKCHOTT
OTTAWA
ROME
TUNIS
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE
REVIEW AUTHORITY: ARCHIE M BOLSTER
CLASSIFICATION: CONFIDENTIAL REASON: 1.4(B), 1.4(D)
DECLASSIFY AFTER: 30 JUN 2016
DATE/CASE ID: 06 MAY 2011 201005065
UNCLASSIFIED
USMISSION USUN NEW YORK
AMEMBASSY YAOUNDE
UNCLASSIFIED
CONFIDENTIALSTATE 174918
YAOUNDE FOR DATT
E.O. 12356: DECL: OADR
TAGS: PREL MOPS PHUM FR RW
SUBJECT: ANDREANI, A/S MOOSE DISCUSS NEXT STEPS IN RWANDA
1.
CONFIDENTIAL - ENTIRE TEXT.
2. SUMMARY. ON JUNE 28, FRENCH AMBASSADOR ANDREANI
CALLED ON AF A/S MOOSE TO DISCUSS RWANDA. AFTER NOTING
THAT THE FRENCH-LED HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION WAS GOING
CONFIDENTIAL
174918 302040Z
STATE
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WELL, HE SAID FRANCE WAS MOST CONCERNED WITH SPEEDING UP
DEPLOYMENT OF EXPANDED UNAMIR AND RESTARTING POLITICAL
DIALOGUE TO ACHIEVE A POLITICAL SETTLEMENT. HE THEN
QUERIED A/S MOOSE ON THE USG'S VIEWS OF RPF INTENTIONS.
A/S MOOSE REVIEWED OUR EFFORTS TO EXPEDITE DEPLOYMENT OF
UNAMIR II AND OUTLINED THE RPF POSITION, AS WE UNDERSTOOD
IT. HE EXPLAINED THAT THE RPF MAY BE WILLING TO HALT ITS
OFFENSIVE AND UNDERTAKE NEGOTIATIONS IF PROTECTION CAN BE
BROUGHT TO THREATENED CIVILIAN GROUPS AND IF THE RPF IS
SATISFIED THAT THE PERPETRATORS OF THE MASS KILLINGS WILL
BE BROUGHT TO JUSTICE. A/S MOOSE NOTED THAT THE FRENCH
DEPLOYMENT ADDRESSES THE FIRST POINT; ON THE LATTER
ISSUE, WE ARE AWAITING THE SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR'S REPORT,
SUPPORT THE SPANISH PROPOSAL FOR A COMMISSION OF EXPERTS,
AND ARE CURRENTLY CONSIDERING POSSIBLE NEXT STEPS. END
SUMMARY
OPERATION PROGRESSING WELL; LOCAL RECEPTION GOOD
3. ON JUNE 28, FRENCH AMBASSADOR TO THE U.S. JACQUES
ANDREANI CALLED ON AF A/S MOOSE TO DISCUSS RWANDA,
EXPANDED UNAMIR, AND PROSPECTS FOR A POLITICAL
SETTLEMENT. ANDREANI WAS ACCOMPANIED BY EMBASSY
COUNSELOR ALAIN HOLLEVILLE. A/S MOOSE WAS JOINED BY DAS
BUSHNELL, WITH FRENCH DESKOFF CARSON AND RWANDA DESKOFF
AISTON ALSO ATTENDING. ANDREANI REPORTED THAT THE FRENICA
OPERATION IN RWANDA WAS PROCEEDING WELL AND THAT FRENCH
TROOPS HAD MOVED RELATIVELY FAR INTO THE GOVERNMENT-HELD
UNCLASSIFIED
ZONE, PARTICULARLY IN THE SOUTH. HE SAID THE FRENCH HAD
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THE SITUATION IN THEIR AREA "UNDER CONTROL" AND THEY HAD
SAVED LIVES. HE NOTED THAT THE FRENCH HAD EVACUATED THE
AMERICAN NUN AND THE RWANDAN AND FOREIGN SISTERS IN
KIBUYE. A/S MOOSE EXPRESSED OUR GREAT APPRECIATION FOR
THIS EFFORT.
4. RELATIONS WITH THE RWANDANS ENCOUNTERED BY FRENCH
FORCES HAVE BEEN GOOD. ANDREANI NOTED THAT THE INTERIM
GOVERNMENT HAD TRIED TO MAKE THE FRENCH TROOPS APPEAR TO
BE THEIR DEFENDERS, BUT THE FRENCH HAVE LIMITED THEIR
CONTACTS WITH THE GOVERNMENT AND ACTED IN A NEUTRAL
FASHION TO AVOID THIS TRAP. WHILE DISPLACED TUTSIS
UNDERSTAND THAT THE FRENCH HAVE COME TO PROTECT THEM, THE
FRENCH ARE STILL CONCERNED ABOUT THE RPF'S PUBLIC
OPPOSITION TO THE OPERATION. ANDREANI SAID THAT THE RPF
HAD TAKEN A "FAIRLY NEGATIVE" STANCE IN ITS MEETING WITH
FRENCH AMB. TO RWANDA MARLAUD.
5. A/S MOOSE SAID WE WERE HAPPY TO SEE THAT THE
OPERATION WAS GOING WELL. HE THOUGHT THE ACTIONS OF THE
FRENCH FORCES WERE HELPING TO PERSUADE THE RPF AND OTHER
SKEPTICS THAT THIS WAS IN FACT A PURELY HUMANITARIAN
OPERATION. HE ASKED WHERE THE FRENCH OPERATIONS WOULD BE
MOVING IN THE DAYS AHEAD. MARLAUD SAID HE DID NOT HAVE
THAT INFORMATION AND WOULD HAVE TO CHECK WITH PARIS.
NO NEW TROOP CONTRIBUTORS ON HORIZON
6.
FOR NOW, ANDREANI DID NOT SEE ANY ADDITIONAL FORCES
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JOINING THE FRENCH OPERATION, OTHER THAN THE SENEGALESE
AND POSSIBLE A FEW EGYPTIANS AND MAURITANIANS. I
/A/S MOOSE SAID WE HAD REACHED THE SAME
UNCLASSIFIED
B1
CONCLUSION.
UNCLASSIFIED
FRENCH WANT TO ACCELERATE UNAMIR II
7. THE FRENCH WANT TO FACILITATE AND ACCELERATE THE
DEPLOYMENT OF EXPANDED UNAMIR. ANDREANI SUGGESTED THREE
INITIATIVES IN THIS REGARD:
-- CREATING A COORDINATION GROUP IN NEW YORK TO ARRANGE
THE NECESSARY SUPPORT FOR DEPLOYMENT;
B1
8. A/S MOOSE SAID THAT OUR FOCUS HAS ALSO BEEN ON NEXT
STEPS AND, IN PARTICULAR, ON GETTING UNAMIR II ON THE
GROUND AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE. IN THIS REGARD, WE ARE
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ASKING THE SYG TO CONVENE A MEETING OF POTENTIAL TROOP
CONTRIBUTORS AND OTHER ACTORS WHO CAN BE HELPFUL IN
FACILITATING THEIR DEPLOYMENT. THE GOAL WOULD BE TO
IDENTIFY AND RESOLVE ANY OBSTACLES TO DEPLOYMENT.
ANDREANI SAID HE THOUGHT THIS SORT OF MEETING COULD
HAPPEN THIS WEEK. A/S NOTED THAT SALIM SALIM HAD TOLD US
THAT SEVERAL COUNTRIES ARE READY TO DEPLOY TO UNAMIR II
BUT NEED EQUIPMENT AND LOGISTICAL SUPPORT. HE OUTLINED
OUR PROPOSAL TO HAVE VARIOUS DONORS "ADOPT" A BATTALION
AND NOTED OUR COMMITMENT TO EQUIP THE GHANAIANS AND OUR
DELIVERY, NOW IN PROGRESS, OF 50 APC'S. A/S MOOSE SAID
I AND
WE TOO WOULD BE INTERESTED TO SEEI
UNAMIR II AND WOULD BE WILLING TO WORK WITH
THE FRENCH TO ENCOURAGE THIS.
B1
B1
B1
UNCLASSIFIED
B1
UNCLASSIFIED
FRENCH WANT TALKS REVIVED, BUT WHAT DOES THE RPF WANT?
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STATE 174918 302040Z
10. ANDREANI HAD FEW IDEAS ON RESTARTING POLITICAL
TALKS, OTHER THAN SUGGESTING THAT THE NEW UN SYG SPECIAL
REP, SHAHARYAR KHAN, SHOULD MAKE THE NECESSARY CONTACTS
AND DO WHAT HE CAN. HE ASKED WHAT THE U.S. VIEWS WERE ON
THE CHANCES FOR RESUMING POLITICAL DIALOGUE. IN
PARTICULAR, HE WAS INTERESTED IN HEARING OUR VIEWS ON THE
ULTIMATE GOALS OF THE RPF, WHETHER THEY WOULD ACCEPT SOME
RESULT SHORT OF MILITARY VICTORY, AND WHETHER AND UNDER
WHAT CONDITIONS THEY WOULD BE WILLING TO RESUME
NEGOTIATIONS. HE EXPRESSED CONCERN THAT THE STEADY
ADVANCE OF THE RPF COULD CREATE NEW REFUGEE PROBLEMS AND
SPARK MORE MASSACRES.
11. AS A/S MOOSE POINTED OUT, THE RPF HAS REPEATEDLY
STATED THAT THEY ARE PURSUING THEIR MILITARY OFFENSIVE TO
STOP THE KILLINGS BEHIND GOVERNMENT LINES. IN THEIR
VIEW, THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY HAS FAILED TO PROTECT
THREATENED CIVILIANS (TUTSIS AND OPPOSITION HUTUS IN
PARTICULAR), AND THE RPF FEELS DUTY BOUND TO TRY TO
RESCUE THESE PEOPLE. IN OUR VIEW, THIS WAS THEIR PRIMARY
OBJECTIVE. HOWEVER, A/S MOOSE ADDED THAT THEY WERE
UNDOUBTEDLY ALSO MOTIVATED BY A DESIRE TO PUNISH THOSE
RESPONSIBLE FOR THE KILLINGS AND ASSURE THAT THEY 00 NOT
PLAY A ROLE IN RWANDA'S POLITICAL FUTURE.
12. A/S MOOSE POINTED OUT THAT IF WE CAN ADDRESS THE
RPF'S TWO MAIN OBJECTIVES, THERE IS A GREATER LIKELIHOOD
THAT THEY WILL BE WILLING TO HALT THEIR OFFENSIVE. HE
NOTED THAT THE FRENCH INITIATIVE WILL HELP ADDRESS THE
FIRST GOAL OF SAVING THREATENED POPULATIONS BEHIND
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GOVERNMENT LINES, AND HE EXPLAINED THAT WE ARE ACTIVELY
DISCUSSING THE SECOND ISSUE OF HOW BEST TO ENSURE
ACCOUNTABILITY.
13.
A/S MOOSE ADDED THAT MANY ANALYSTS BELIEVE THE RPF
UNCLASSIFIED
COULD NOT WIN AN OUTRIGHT MILITARY VICTORY EVEN IF THAT
WAS THEIR GOAL. THEY MAY SOON BECOME OVEREXTENDED. IF
THEY ARE NOT ALREADY.
B1
UNCLASSIFIED
/ ANDREANI
ASKED WHETHER THE U.S. WOULD DO THE SAME. A/S MOOSE
REPLIED THAT WE HAVE BEEN MAKING THESE POINTS TO THE RPF
FOR SEVERAL WEEKS, POINTING OUT AS WELL THAT THEIR
CONTINUED ADVANCE TO THE SOUTH MAY FUEL MORE MASSACRES
AND RISKS DESTABILIZING BURUNDI.
A/S MOOSE STRESSES NEED TO ESTABLISH ACCOUNTABILITY
14. A/S MOOSE EMPHASIZED THAT ESTABLISHING
ACCOUNTABILITY WAS A KEY ELEMENT IN THE POLITICAL
EQUATION. UNLESS THERE IS A PROCESS FOR DETERMINING
RESPONSIBILITY, THE RWANDANS WILL NOT BE ABLE TO REACH
CLOSURE AND ACHIEVE REAL RECONCILIATION. THE RPF AND
OTHERS WOULD BE DEEPLY TROUBLED IF PERSONS RESPONSIBLE
FOR MASSACRES WERE GIVEN A SEAT AT THE NEGOTIATING TABLE
OR ALLOWED TO PARTICIPATE IN THE POST-WAR GOVERNMENT.
HOWEVER, THE RPF HAS TOLD US THAT THEY RECOGNIZE THEY
CANNOT RULE RWANDA ALONE AND WILL NEED TO COLLABORATE
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WITH OTHERS, PARTICULARLY MODERATE HUTUS. THE DOOR HAS
EVEN BEEN LEFT OPEN FOR POLITICAL ELEMENTS REPRESENTED IN
THE CURRENT GOVERNMENT TO PARTICIPATE IN THE FUTURE
POLITICAL SCENE IN RWANDA, PROVIDED THE INDIVIDUALS ZN
QUESTION HAD NOTHING TO DO WITH THE KILLINGS.
15. AS A/S MOOSE EXPLAINED, A MAJOR PROBLEM WILL BE
DETERMINING HOW TO ESTABLISH RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE
ATROCITIES. THERE ARE SOME WHO FEEL THAT ALL PERSONS IN
THE INTERIM GOVERNMENT SHOULD BE AUTOMATICALLY
DISQUALIFIED FROM PARTICIPATING IN A POLITICAL SETTLEMENT
BECAUSE, WHETHER THEY WERE INVOLVED IN THE MASSACRES OR
NOT, THEY ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ACTIONS THAT TOOK PLACE
IN THE AREAS UNDER THEIR AUTHORITY. THOSE ACTUALLY
BEHIND THE KILLINGS SHOULD BE BROUGHT TO JUSTICE.
16. A/S MOOSE POINTED OUT THAT SOME MECHANISM NEEDS TO
BE AGREED UPON TO ESTABLISH RESPONSIBILITY. DAS BUSHNELL
ADDED THAT THE ANALYSIS SHOULD BE BIFURCATED, WITH A
DETERMINATION ON WHO SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO PARTICIPATE IN
UNCLASSIFIED
THE POLITICAL DISCUSSIONS AND A SEPARATE PROCEDURE SET UP
TO ESTABLISH ACCOUNTABILITY AND BRING TO JUSTICE THOSE
INVOLVED IN THE ATROCITIES. SHE NOTED THAT WE HAVE TWO
MODELS, AT OPPOSITE ENDS OF THE SPECTRUM, THE YUGOSLAVIA
TRIBUNAL AND THE EL SALVADOR TRUTH COMMISSION. ANDREANI
REPLIED THAT THE YUGOSLAVIA TRIBUNAL HAS YET TO PRODUCE
ANY RESULTS AND THE EL SALVADOR COMMISSION WAS DEPENDENT
ON A GENUINE WILL TO REACH RECONCILIATION, WHICH IS
LACKING IN THE RWANDA CONTEXT. DAS BUSHNELL SAID WE
WOULD PROBABLY HAVE TO DEVELOP A THIRD MODEL. IN THIS
REGARD, SHE NOTED THAT DURING DRL A/S SHATTUCK'S TRIP
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THROUGH THE REGION IN LATE APRIL, AFRICAN REGIONAL
LEADERS AGREED ON THE NEED FOR ACCOUNTABILITY; WE NEED
TO TALK MORE WITH THEM ON POSSIBLE MODALITIES FOR
ACHIEVING THIS GOAL. IN THE MEANTIME, WE AWAIT THE
REPORT OF THE UNHRC SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR AND ARE SUPPORTING
THE SPANISH PROPOSAL FOR ESTABLISHING A COMMISSION OF
EXPERTS.
17. ANDREANI SAID HIS INFORMATION ON GOF VIEWS IN THIS
AREA WERE VERY PRELIMINARY. THE GOF WANTED TO LINK THE
EFFORTS OF THE SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR AND THE PROPOSED
COMMISSION OF INQUIRY AND AVOID ANY DUPLICATION OF
EFFORT. A/S MOOSE AND DAS BUSHNELL NOTED THAT
DISCUSSIONS WERE ALREADY UNDERWAY IN NEW YORK ON THIS
LAST POINT. THE FRENCH ALSO WANT TO HEED THE LESSONS
LEARNED FROM THE YUGOSLAVIA EXPERIENCE. ANDREANI
CONCLUDED THAT ACCOUNTABILITY IS A "TRICKY ISSUE" AND
THAT THE RPF ITSELF IS NOT BEYOND REPROACH. DAS BUSHNELL
ADDED THAT ACCOUNTABILITY FOR LAST OCTOBER'S ATTEMPTED
COUP AND VIOLENCE IN BURUNDI HAS YET TO BE ESTABLISHED
AND THAT WE NEED TO BE SENSITIVE TO DESIRES FOR
CONSISTENT TREATMENT OF THIS ISSUE IN BOTH COUNTRIES.
RWANDA ON THE SECURITY COUNCIL/STATUS OF INTERIM GOVT
B1
18.
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UNCLASSIFIED
19. BUJUMBURA - MINIMIZE CONSIDERED.
CHRISTOPHER
CONFIDENTIAL
<< END OF DOCUMENT >>
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